Space suits are amazing pieces of technology designed to protect astronauts from the harsh environment of space while still allowing them to move around to complete their mission. Since the early days of spaceflight, advancements in materials, life support systems, and design have significantly enhanced the performance and safety of these suits.
Materials and construction
Modern space suits use advanced materials to ensure astronauts have the protection they need. For instance, the suits developed by SpaceX for the Crew Dragon missions use fire-resistant Kevlar and Nomex, which helps protect them against potential fire hazards. These suits also feature a single connection point on the leg, integrating vital connections for both air and power.
The fashion and aerospace industries have also collaborated to create better space suits. Notably, Prada has partnered with Axiom Space to design the Axiom Extravehicular Mobility Unit (AxEMU) for NASA’s Artemis III mission. The suit is flexible, efficient, and safe, with special tools for the extreme conditions of the lunar south pole and low Earth orbit missions.
Life support and mobility
Life support systems in space suits have evolved to provide astronauts with greater autonomy. The Portable Life Support System (PLSS) is a critical component, supplying oxygen for breathing, removing carbon dioxide, and regulating temperature. Modern suits, like NASA’s Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU), allow astronauts to control their internal environment during spacewalks.
Mobility is another important part of space suit design. The AxEMU suit, for example, builds off of lessons learned from legacy suits, helping manufacturers build the suit around the astronaut.
Emerging technologies
Advancements in technology are helping to influence space suit development. Additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, can help reduce the mass of hard-shell space suits and also allows for the potential for in-situ fabrication and repair of suits. It’s not available yet but will likely be necessary for Martian exploration.
Innovations in helmet design have also been significant. For instance, the helmets on space suits built for spacewalks serve as a pressure bubble and are made of strong plastic to keep the pressure of the suit contained. The helmets also include a small block for scratching their nose along with a sun visor and sun shade.
What materials will you find in modern space suits?
- Kevlar and Nomex are fire-resistant and durable fabrics used in SpaceX suits.
- Gore-Tex is a waterproof and breathable material.
- Mylar and Dacron are insulating layers that maintain body temperature.
- Polyurethane-coated nylon provides an airtight seal.
How long does it take to put on a space suit?
NASA’s Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) takes 45 minutes to 1 hour to put on, while SpaceX suits are easier to put on, only taking 5 to 10 minutes.
Why do space suits have gloves with blue fingertips?
The blue fingertips are made of conductive material, allowing astronauts to use touchscreens.
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